Acute cell swelling is the classic morphologic change in reversible injury. If ischemia or hypoxia is for short period of time, the cell can be reverting back to its normal condition which is known as rci. In reversible cell injury, it is up to a certain point. In this video we have discussed the different mechanisms of cell injury. What is the difference between reversible and irreversible.
Adaptation and reversible injury patterns of tissue necrosis. When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be. The cellular organelles that play major role in these processes are mitochondria and lysosomes. Study 5 morphology of reversible cell injury flashcards from lisence a. Appears whenever cells are incapable of maintaining ionic and fluid homeostasis. Jun 30, 2018 reversible cell injury results in cellular swelling and fat accumulation while irreversible cell injury results in necrosis and apoptosis. Recovery reversible cell injury can be treated with drugs while irreversible cell injury leads to permanent cell loss. This chapter will present an overview of how the pathologist views mechanisms of irreversible cell injury cell death, reversible cell injury, and the organisms response to both. Reversible injury may require cellular adaptation but the cell survives. Extremely important common cause of cell injury cell death. The causes of cell injury, reversible or irreversible, may be broadly classified into two large groups. Cell injury is reversible only up to certain point. Cell injury list of high impact articles ppts journals. Cell injury may be reversible nonlethal damage which generally can be.
Cell death occurs when the severity of the injury exceeds the cells ability to repair itself. This presentation helps you in understanding the basic concepts of cell injury. Side by side comparison reversible vs irreversible cell injury in tabular form 6. If you continue browsing the site, you agree to the use of cookies on this website. Metaplasia is a reversible change in which one adult cell type is replaced by another adult cell type metaplasia is a cellular adaptation in which. Cell injury, cell death, and adaptations new age medical. Cell injury it is change in cells morphology and function in response to stress.
Pathogenesis of cell injury reversible cell injury. Fatty change encountered in cells invloved in fat metabolism hepatocyte, myocardium. Oxygen deprivation to tissue ischemia leading to a form of tissue damage termed an infarct is of notable clinical significance e. Adaptation change in cell morphology and function in response to a stimulus. At the cellular level, there are many processes that can lead to necrosis. It is an intracytoplasmic accumulation of water due to incapacity of the cells to maintain the ionic and fluid homeostasis. Reversible cell injury occurs when the damaged cell is capable of returning to its normal physiological state when the stress is removed from the cell. Discriminate cell adaptation, reversible cell injury and irreversible cell injury cell death based on etiology, pathogenesis and histological and ultrastructural appearance.
They have the ability to resist these different external and internal stress stimuli. Fatty change occurs in hypoxic injury and various forms. In reversible cell injury, cells can recover to their normal function. Introduction cell injury is defined as a variety of stresses a cell encounters as a result of changes in its internal and external environment.
Reports of amelioration of myocardial metabolic and ischemic injury with caspase inhibitors have appeared. May 20, 2016 this presentation helps you in understanding the basic concepts of cell injury. Reversible cell injury the two main morphologic correlates of reversible cell injury are cellular swelling and fatty change. Amongst other causes, this can be due to physical, chemical, infectious, biological, nutritional or immunological factors. This topic covers the mechanism of irreversible cell injury. Cell damage also known as cell injury is a variety of changes of stress that a cell suffers due to external as well as internal environmental changes. Key difference reversible vs irreversible cell injury cells are the main functional and structural units of living organisms. It also depends upon the organ which undergoes hypoxia. Irreversible cell injury what are the similarities between reversible and irreversible cell injury. Excess physiologic or pathologic stress may force the cell to a new steady state. What do you know about the ins and outs of cell injury, as well as what causes there are and what preventative measures can be taken.
Too much stress exceeds the cell s adaptive capacity. Depending on the extent of injury, the cellular response may be adaptive and where possible, homeostasis is restored. In coronary arteries, myocardial contractility is reversed if circulation is quickly restored. Mechanism of irreversible cell injury the art of medicine. Mechanical trauma, extremes of temperature burns and deep cold, sudden changes in atmospheric pressure, radiation, and electric. The stronger and the longer the stimulus, the larger the damage response to a given stimulus depends on the type, status, and genetic makeup of the injured cell.
If the adaptive capability is exceeded or if the external stress is inherently harmful, cell injury develops fig. Reduced oxidative phosphorylation with resultant depletion of energy stores in the. Contrast ischemia in skeletal muscle tolerates 2 hours versus cardiac muscle tolerate 20. Both reversible and irreversible cell injuries occur when stress acts upon cells. Reversible cell injury 1111 mitochondrion metabolism. Cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis apoptosis and beyond.
Reversible cell injury 1111 free download as powerpoint presentation. Hypoxic lack of o2 on cell, function decreases drastically, if it goes past the dotted line, then the cell injury is irreversible and the first thing is biochemical alterations cell death. Within certain limits injury is reversible, and cells return to a stable baseline. Adaptive response to noxious stimuli or stress to a cell includes.
We discussed reversible cell injury and 1 type of cell death, namely necrosis, earlier in the posts. Cell death, the end result of progressive cell injury, is one of the most crucial events in. The first topic, reversible cell injury, covers the physiology and pathology of reversible cell injuries, and what happens to a cell when a cell is unable to adapt to the stresses of the environment. Pathologic cell injury and cell death i mechanism of. This disorder in phospholipid metabolism is felt to be the critical lesion that. Cell injury is classified as reversible if the injured cell can regain homeostasis and return to a morphologically and functionally normal state.
May 15, 2018 in this video we have discussed the different mechanisms of cell injury. When cell death occurs in the living body, the term necrosis is used. Both are caused by chemical, physical or biological agents. The pathogenesis of cell injury is discussed in great detail. Define and understand the morphologic patterns of lethal cell injury and the clinical settings in which they occur. Adaptation and reversible injury patterns of tissue. Cell has various mechanisms to prevent cell injury by free radicals vit c, glutathione peroxidase, cerruloplasmin, etc. Feb 21, 2018 hey there everyone, in this video you will get knowledge about the pathogenesis of cell injury, reversible cell injury, irreversible cell injury and much more, so go and grab a short note for your.
Jun 11, 2015 here we are, looking at irreversible cell injury now. Just like bones, muscles and skin, your cells too can become injured. When cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result. Now, we will discuss the different ways by which cells can actually become injured, and the mechanism by which the cells become injured. First manifestation of almost all forms of cell injury. Cell response to injury is not an allornothing phenomenon. Ex, skeletal muscle can with stand for half an hour with. Cellular swelling is the result of failure of energydependent ion pumps in the plasma membrane, leading to an inability to maintain ionic and fluid homeostasis.
This disorder in phospholipid metabolism is felt to be the critical lesion that produces irreversible cell injury in ischemia. Reversible cell definition is an electrical cell the chemical action in which can be reversed by passing through it a current opposite in direction to that generated by the cell. Damage to pm influx of ca, na and h2o swelling inactivation of mt, cell enzymes and denaturation of proteins so far, two reasons for fatty liver alcoholism and ccl4 poisoning note. Modes of myocardial cell injury and cell death in ischemic. Initially, injury is manifested as functional and morphologic changes that are reversible if the damaging stimulus is removed. Normal cells have a fairly narrow range of function or steady state.
Adaptation, reversible injury, and cell death may be stages of progressive impairment following different types of insults. Conclusion reversible cell injury is a condition that can return to the steady state. Homeostasis is altered but there could be a recovery and return to normal when the stressor or injurious stimuli are removed. Cell injury may be reversible sublethal or irreversible lethal. Sep 21, 2017 similarities between reversible and irreversible cell injury 5. Difference between reversible and irreversible cell injury. Reversible cell injury results in cellular swelling and fat accumulation while irreversible cell injury results in necrosis and apoptosis. Cell injury results when cells are stressed and can no longer adapt.
In irreversible cell injury, cells undergo injury so severe that cell death and, ultimately, necrosis of tissue occur. Sep 12, 2018 when cells are injured, one of two patterns will generally result. Chapter 1 cellular responses to stress and toxic insults. Cells undergo many adaptations in response to different environmental, physiological and chemical stimuli. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site. May 29, 2015 pathologic cell injury and cell death i mechanism of reversible cell injuries pathologic cell injury and cell death i mechanism of reversible cell injury we already know that cells are able to adapt to their surroundings when there is an increased amount of stress to overcome them, just as we will in all our medical exams. Reversible cell definition of reversible cell by merriam. These alterations may be divided into the following stages. Injury may progress through a reversible stage and culminate in cellular death. Reversible cell injury cell biology hypoxia medical. When cells adapt to injury, their adaptive changes can be atrophy, hypertrophy, hyperplasia, or metaplasia.
Cell injury, adaptation and death mit opencourseware. Cell injury occurs when the limits to an adaptive response adaptation have been exceeded or if the cells are not able to adapt. Cell injury, adaptation, and necrosis apoptosis and. Pdf on aug 1, 1996, j p cobb and others published mechanisms of cell injury and death find, read and cite all the research you need on researchgate. Causes include reduced blood flow ischemia, inadequate oxygenation of the blood, decreased blood oxygencarrying capacity. Causes of cell injury the causes of cell injury range from the external gross physical violence of an automobile accident to subtle internal abnormalities, such as a genetic mutation causing lack of a vital enzyme that impairs normal metabolic function.
915 1394 112 1504 283 809 580 907 773 1418 1186 100 103 1064 642 66 1383 909 917 977 321 1205 424 1143 121 1253 1494 1373 258 801 1160 308 893 1090 1443 366 66 540 307 1344 68 1106 472 922 1233 268